Analysis of clinical phenotypes and ATP7B gene variants in 75 children patients with Wilson' s disease / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical phenotypes and ATP7B gene variants among children patients with Wilson' s disease from Northwestern China.@*METHODS@#The clinical features and variants of the ATP7B gene among 75 children with hepatic Wilson' s disease were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 75 cases, 4 were presymptomatic, 59 had isolated transaminase elevation, 12 had acute and/or chronic liver diseases. Nine children were found to harbor homozygous variants, 64 harbored compound heterozygous variants, and two only had heterozygous variants of the ATP7B gene. In total 49 variants were detected, with common variants including c.2333G>T (p.Arg778Leu), c.2621C>T (p.Ala874Val) and c.2975C>T (Pro992Leu), which yielded allelic frequencies of 28.7%, 12.7% and 9.3%, respectively. Six novel variants were detected, which included c.1908dupC (p.Asn637Glnfs*118), c.4179_4180insC (p.Pro1394Profs*15), c.1604A>G (p.Glu535Gly), c.2278C>T (p.Pro760Ser), c.3008C>A (p.Ala1003Glu) and c.3532A>C (p.Thr1178Pro). Except for c.1604A>G (p.Glu535Gly), the remainder five were all predicted to be likely pathogenic. No significant correlation was found between genotype and phenotype among the patients.@*CONCLUSION@#The common mutation types of the ATP7B gene among patients with hepatic Wilson disease in Northwestern China are c.2333G>T (p.Arg778Leu), c.2621C>T (p.Ala874Val) and c.2975C>T (p.Pro992Leu), there is no significant correlation between their genotypes and phenotypes.

Clinical characteristics of Wilson's disease with onset of acute liver failure in 19 children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of Wilson's disease (WD) with onset of acute liver failure (ALF) in children. Methods: Clinical data of 19 children diagnosed with WD presented with ALF in Xi'an Children's Hospital from January 2016 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including general condition, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, and gene detection. The children were divided into the death group and survival group according to the clinical outcome. The children who had hepatic WD with non-ALF onset during the same period were selected as the control. The general conditions and laboratory indexes were compared between death group and survival group, ALF group and non-ALF group. T-test, Mann Whitney U test or χ2 test were used to compare the differences between the two groups. Results: Of the 19 WD children with ALF onset, 10 were females and 9 were males. The age of admission was (10.1±2.6) years and time to onset of first visit was 9 (4, 15) days. Among the WD children with ALF onset, 4 children were lost to follow-up, 5 cases death (death group) and 10 cases survived (survival group). The ceruloplasmin in the death group was higher than that in the survival group (0.078 (0.055, 0.105) vs. 0.033 (0.027, 0.058) g/L, Z=-2.33, P=0.020). There were 95 children who had hepatic WD with non-ALF onset. The WD patients with ALF onset were older at admission (9.9 (8.0, 11.1) vs. 5.4 (3.7, 6.9) years, Z=-5.25, P<0.001), had higher ceruloplasmin (0.060 (0.030, 0.078) vs. 0.024 (0.006, 0.060) g/L, Z=-3.11, P=0.002), 24 h urinary copper (674 (205, 1 803) vs. 149 (108, 206) μg, Z=-4.25, P<0.001), and positive rate of K-F ring [17/19 vs. 7%(7/95), χ2=50.17, P<0.001] while shorter onset time at initial visit (0.3 (0.1, 0.5) vs. 1.0 (0.7, 6.0) months, Z=-4.28, P<0.001). There was no gender difference between the two groups [9/19 vs. 61%(58/95), χ2=1.22, P=0.269]. Of the 19 WD children with ALF onset, 13 had the ATP7B gene tested, and 15 reported variants were detected. The main variations were c.2333G>T (p. Arg778Leu), c.2621C>T (p. Ala874Val) and c.2975C>T (p. Pro992Leu). The allele frequencies were 6/26(23%), 4/26(15%) and 3/26(12%), respectively. Conclusions: Children of WD onset with ALF are school-aged and above. They have an acute onset, a short course of the disease, and poor prognosis. The positive rate of K-F ring, ceruloplasmin and urinary copper are higher than those of the hepatic WD children with non-ALF onset.

Phenotypes and ATP7B gene variants in 316 children with Wilson disease / 中华儿科杂志

Objectives: To summarize the clinical phenotypes and the variation spectrum of ATP7B gene in Chinese children with Wilson's disease (WD) and to investigate their significance for early diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 316 children diagnosed as WD in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center during the period from January 2010 to June 2021. The general situations, clinical manifestations, lab test results, imaging examinations, and ATP7B gene variant characteristics were collected. The patients were divided into asymptomatic WD group and symptomatic WD group based on the presence or absence of clinical symptoms at the time that WD diagnosis was made. The χ2 test, t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences between groups. Results: Among the 316 children with WD, 199 were males and 117 were females, with the age of 5.4 (4.0, 7.6) years at diagnosis; 261 cases (82.6%) were asymptomatic with the age of 4.9 (3.9, 6.4) years; whereas 55 cases (17.4%) were symptomatic with the age of 9.6 (7.3, 12.0) years. The main symptoms invloved liver, kidney, nervous system, or skin damage. Of all the patients, 95.9% (303/316) had abnormal liver function at diagnosis; 98.1% (310/316) had the serum ceruloplasmin lever lower than 200 mg/L; 97.7% (302/309) had 24-hour urine copper content exceeding 40 μg; only 7.4% (23/310) had positive corneal K-F rings, 8.2% (23/281) had abnormal MRI signals in the lenticular nucleus, and all of them had symptoms of damage in liver, kidney or nervous system. Compared with the group of symptomatic WD, asymptomatic group had higher levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and lower levels ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urine copper [(208±137) vs. (72±78) U/L, (55±47) vs. (69±48) mg/L, 103 (72, 153) vs. 492 (230, 1 432) μg; t=9.98, -1.98, Z=-4.89, all P<0.001]. Among the 314 patients completing genetic sequencing, a total of 107 mutations in ATP7B gene were detected, of which 10 are novel variants, and 3 cases (1.0%) had large heterozygous deletion (exons 10 to exon 11) in ATP7B gene. The percentage of missense mutation in asymptomatic WD children was significantly higher than that in symptomatic WD (81.5% (422/518) vs. 69.1% (76/110), χ²=8.47, P<0.05). WD patients carrying homozygous variant of c.2 333G>T had significantly low levels of ceruloplasmin than those not carrying this variant ((23±5) vs. (61±48) mg/L, t=-2.34, P<0.001). Conclusions: The elevation of serum ALT is an important clue for early diagnosis of WD in children, while serum ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urine copper content are specific markers for early diagnosis of WD. In order to confirm the diagnosis of WD, it is necessary to combine the Sanger sequencing with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification or other testing technologies.

Development of low-density oligonucleotide microarrays for detecting mutations causing wilson’s disease.

Background & objectives: Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in ATP7B, a copper transporter gene, leading to hepatic and neuropsychiatric manifestations due to copper accumulation. If diagnosed early, WD patients can be managed by medicines reducing morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of this disease requires a combination of tests and at times is inconclusive due to overlap of the symptoms with other disorders. Genetic testing is the preferred alternative in such cases particularly for individuals with a family history. Use of DNA microarray for detecting mutations in ATP7B gene is gaining popularity because of the advantages it offers in terms of throughput and sensitivity. This study attempts to establish the quality analysis procedures for microarray based diagnosis of Wilson’s disease. Methods: A home-made microarrayer was used to print oligonucleotide based low-density microarrays for addressing 62 mutations causing Wilson’s disease reported from Indian population. Inter- and intra- array comparisons were used to study quality of the arrays. The arrays were validated by using mutant samples generated by site directed mutagenesis. Results: The hybridization reaction were found to be consistent across the surface of a given microarray. Our results have shown that 52 °C post-hybridization wash yields better reproducibility across experiments compared to 42 °C. Our arrays have shown > 80 per cent sensitivity in detecting these 62 mutations. Interpretation & conclusions: The present results demonstrate the design and evaluation of a low-density microarray for the detection of 62 mutations in ATP7B gene, and show that a microarray based approach can be cost-effective for detecting a large number of mutations simultaneously. This study also provides information on some of the important parameters required for microarray based diagnosis of genetic disorders.

Wilson's disease in Southern Brazil: genotype-phenotype correlation and description of two novel mutations in ATP7B gene / Doenca de Wilson no sul do Brasil: correlacao genotipica-fenotipica e a descricao de duas novas mutacoes no gene ATP7B

OBJECTIVE: Wilson's disease (WD) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by abnormalities of the copper-transporting protein encoding gene ATP7B. In this study, we examined ATP7B for mutations in a group of patients living in southern Brazil. METHODS: 36 WD subjects were studied and classified according to their clinical and epidemiological data. In 23 subjects the ATP7B gene was analyzed. RESULTS: Fourteen distinct mutations were detected in at least one of the alleles. The c.3207C>A substitution at exon 14 was the most common mutation (allelic frequency=37.1%) followed by the c.3402delC at exon 15 (allelic frequency=11.4%). The mutations c.2018-2030del13 at exon 7 and c.4093InsT at exon 20 are being reported for the first time. CONCLUSION: The c.3207C>A substitution at exon 14, was the most common mutation, with an allelic frequency of 37.1%. This mutation is the most common mutation described in Europe. .

OBJETIVO: A doença de Wilson (DW) é um erro inato do metabolismo causado por abnormalidades no gene ATP7B, que codifica uma proteína transportadora de cobre. Neste estudo, avaliamos as mutações do gene ATP7B em um grupo de pacientes do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 36 pacientes com DW e classificados do ponto de vista clínico e epidemiológico. Em 23 pacientes, o gene ATP7B foi analisado. RESULTADOS: A substituição c.3207C>A no éxon 14 foi a mutação mais comum seguida pela mutação c.3402delC no éxon 15 . A mutação c.2018-2030del13 no éxon 7 e a c.4093InsT no éxon 20 são relatadas pela primeira vez na literatura. CONCLUSÃO: A mutação do gene ATP7B, com a substituição c.3207C>A no éxon 14 foi a mais frequente. Esta mutação é a mais comumente encontrada em pacientes europeus. .

Síndrome de Mowat – Wilson, primer caso reportado en Colombia: Importancia de un estudio ampliado por genética / Mowat - Wilson syndrome, first case reported in Colombia: Importance of expanded by genetic study

El Síndrome de Mowat - Wilson (SMW), es una rara enfermedad genética con prevalencia desconocida, hasta el año 2010 habían sido descritos 180 casos en la literatura mundial indexada. Los pacientes con SMW presentan un fenotipo característico dado por: frente amplia y abombada, hipoplasia mediofacial, hipertelorismo ocular, nariz y columnela prominentes, asociado a compromiso neurológico (epilepsia, retardo en neurodesarrollo y mental) y enfermedad de Hirschsprung, que ha sido descrita solo en algunos casos. (1,2) El SMW se origina por mutaciones puntuales en el gen ZEB2 y hasta en el 17% de los casos se presenta por deleciones submicroscópicas que comprometen la región cromosómica 2q22.3 donde se localiza este gen (3). El gen ZEB2 es determinante en la diferenciación de las células derivadas de la cresta neural y sistema nervioso central lo cual explicaría el fenotipo neurológico. Los autores describimos el primer caso de SMW en población Colombiana, causado por microdeleción de novo de la región cromosómica 2q22.2, resaltando así la importancia de un completo estudio citogenético – molecular para pacientes con alta sospecha de síndromes de microdeleción (1,3).

Mowat – Wilson Syndrome (MWS), is a rare disease the prevalence is currently unknown approximately 180 cases had been reported until 2010. MWS patients exhibit a characteristic phenotype given by, high forehead, frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, ocular hypertelorism, prominent nose and columella associated with neurological involvement (epilepsy and moderate to severe intellectual deficiency) and Hirschsprung disease, which has been described only in some cases (1,2). MWS is caused by mutations in the gene ZEB2 and up to 17% of the cases presented by submicroscopic deletions that compromise 2q22.3 chromosomal region where this gene is located (3). ZEB2 is critical for the differentiation of cells derived from the neural crest and central nervous system which would explain the neurological phenotype. We describe the first case of MWS in Colombian caused by de novo microdeletion of chromosome 2q22.2 region, We highlighted the importance of a complete cytogenetic and molecular study in patients with high suspected of microdeletion syndromes (1,3).

Enfermedad de Wilson: revisión del tema / Wilson's disease: a review

La Enfermedad de Wilson es un trastorno autosómico recesivo causado por mutaciones en el genATP7B que producen anormalidad en el metabolismo del cobre, con acumulación de este elementoen distintos órganos y tejidos. El diagnóstico se basa en la combinación del cuadro clínico con diversaspruebas bioquímicas, pues ninguna de ellas, aisladamente, es diagnóstica. En la actualidad se cuentacon un tratamiento efectivo para esta enfermedad, basado en la utilización de quelantes del cobre,para movilizarlo de los sitios donde se acumula y promover su excreción, así como de zinc parabloquear su absorción intestinal. El trasplante hepático es el tratamiento de elección en los pacientescon hepatopatía fulminante, así como en los que llegan a la cirrosis descompensada. En esta revisiónse incluyen aspectos bioquímicos, genéticos, clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de esta enfermedad.

Wilson’s disease: a reviewWilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene thatlead to an abnormal metabolism of copper, resulting in the accumulation of this element inseveral organs and tissues. Its diagnosis is based on the combination of the clinical picture withvarious biochemical tests, neither one of which is, by itself, diagnostic of the disease. Presentlythere are effective treatments for EW based on the administration of chelating agents to promotemobilization of copper from the accumulation sites and its excretion. Zinc is also used in orderto block the intestinal absorption of copper. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice inpatients with fulminating hepatitis, as well as in those with decompensated cirrhosis. This reviewincludes the following aspects of Wilson‘s disease: biochemical, genetic, clinical, diagnostic, andtherapeutic.

[Wilson's disease in children - about 21 cases]

Wilson's disease is a familial affection, described the first time in 1912, which has an autosomic recessive transmission. It is characterized by an association of hepatic cirrhosis and neurologic manifestations caused by tissular accumulation of copper. To show clinical, genetic, diagnostic, therapeutic particularities and outcomes of this disease, we carried out a retrospective study concerning three pediatric departments in the Center of Tunisia [Kairouan, Farhat Hached and Sahloul hospitals]. We have collected 21 cases during a period of 17 years [from January 1983 to december 2000]. The finding's age of the disease ranges from 5 to 13 years [mean age 8 years and 9 months]. The sex ratio is 1,1. Consanguinity is found in 90% of cases. Finding circumstances are dominated by edematous and ascitic syndrome [28%] and by hepatomegaly [57.14%] a jaundice [19,5%], a pallor [9.52] and neurologic disorders [19% of cases]. A hepatic cytolysis was found in 38% and a decrease of prothrombin rate in 61% of cases. The ceruloplasmin concentration is lower than 200 mg/1 in 80% and a decrease in the blood rate of copper in 75% of cases. The urinary rate of copper was measured only in 9 patients; it was increased in 8 cases. The therapy consisted in D penicillamin in the first line. Outcome was marked by 3 cases of death. 18 patients are followed up and they are treated by D penicilamin

ATP7B mutations in families in a predominantly Southern Indian cohort of Wilson's disease patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze ATP7B mutations in Wilson's disease (WD) patients from the Indian subcontinent and to correlate these with WD phenotype. METHODS: We studied 27 WD patients from 25 unrelated families. Twenty-two families were from three southern Indian states - Tamil Nadu andhra Pradesh and Kerala. We applied conformation- sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) to screen for the mutations in patients and their families. PCR products exhibiting aberrant patterns in CSGE were subjected to direct DNA sequencing. As siblings affected by WD within a family share identical ATP7B genotype, we compared WD phenotype among affected siblings within families. RESULTS: ATP7B mutations were detected in 22 of the 25 probands -13 were homozygotes and 9 were compound heterozygotes. Eleven novel mutations were detected. Only two common mutations were found: G3182A in 4 (16%) and C813A in 3 (12%) probands. 'Hot spots' for ATP7B mutations were exons 18 and 13. Lack of common dominant mutations prevented correlation of individual ATP7B mutations with WD phenotype. Symptomatic WD in a live sibling was not found in any family. In 8 families, a sibling died of presumed WD - in 6 of these, WD phenotype was identical to that in the proband. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the spectrum of ATP7B mutations including 11 novel mutations in Indian WD patients and document lack of a single dominant mutation. Identical WD phenotype among siblings in only 6 of 8 families with >1 child affected by WD suggests that factors other than ATP7B mutations influence WD phenotype.

Wilson disease and its clinical manifestation in childhood

Wilson disease is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper metabolism. The condition is characterized by excessive deposition of copper in the liver, brain, and other tissues. The major physiologic aberration is excessive absorption of copper from the small intestine and decreased excretion of copper by the liver. The genetic defect, localized to chromosome arm l3q, has been shown to affect the copper-transporting adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase] gene [ATP7B] in the liver. Patients with Wilson disease usually present with liver disease during the first decade of life or with neuropsychiatric illness during the third decade. The diagnosis is made by measurement of serum ceruloplasmin, urinary copper excretion, and hepatic copper content, as well as the detection of Kayser-Fleischer rings. Wilson's disease requires lifelong treatment. If the disorder is detected early and treated correctly, a person with Wilson's disease can enjoy completely normal health. Or hepatolenticular degeneration is a neurodegenerative disease of copper metabolism. In 1912, Wilson first described it as a familial disorder associated with neurological symptoms and cirrhosis. In 1956, Walshe first treated patients with the chelating agent penicillamine. Neurological signs:, Parkinsonian symptoms-Rigidity, bradykinesia. Dysarthria Tremor at rest or with action Dystonia mainly of the face Dysdiadochokinesia Poor handwriting, Incoordination, Abnormal eye movements. Psychiatric signs:, Hyperkinetic behavior Irritability or anger Emotional lability Psychosis Mania Difficulty concentrating Abnormal behavior Personality changes Depression Schizophrenia. Skeletal abnormalities Osteoporosis Osteomalacia Chondrocalcinosis Osteoarthritis, Joint hypermobility Ophthalmic findings:, Kayser-FIeischer rings are greenish-yellow or brown rings seen at the lirnbus of the cornea. They are best seen by slit-lamp examination and usually progress from just the superior pole to both the superior and inferior poles and then finally to a full circle. Sunflower cataracts are brilliantly multicolored and are visible only by slit-lamp examination. They do not impair vision. Other less common findings may include exotropic strabismus, optic neuritis or optic disc pallor, or night blindness. Other physical findings:Azure lunulae of the fingernails. Arthropathy. The study has been done in Aleppo University hospital and Alkindy hospital between 2001-2004. The ale cases were 16 cases. There was an increase in cases diagnosed in Idleb and its country because of consanguinity. Wilson disease is more common in male [62.25%]. Hepatic disease is the most common initial manifestation in children [68.25%]. Three cases has been discovered by screening tests. Liver symptoms was noticed in 81.25% of cases and neurological symptoms in 12.5%. Jaundice was the most common symptom [62.5%], bleeding in 25%, musculoskeletal symptoms in 12.5%. Hepatomegaly is the most common sign in 50%, spleenomegaly in 43.75%. Neurological signes in 12.25% and tremor was the most common sign. Kayser-Fleisher ring are observed in 100% of individuals with neurological symptomes, and in 84.6%of those with hepatic symptoms Sunflower cataracts are observed in 12.5% of cases. Low serum cereloplasmin level is observed in 93.75%. Low serum copper level is noticed in 87.5%. Increasing urinary copper level in[100%] of cases and the values between [151-681]mkg/24h. Low serum protein in 40% of cases. Increasing gammaglobulin levels in [60%] of cases. There was disturbance in liver function in 87.5% [prothrombine time prolongation in 87.5%]. Increasing serum bilirubin level is found in 75%. Low hemoglubine value is found in 56.25%. Nitropenia in one case also thrombocytopenia in the same one There was disturbance in kidney function in two cases [12.5%]. Proteinuria in 50%, hematuria in 37.5. Penicillamin has been used in treatment in 81.25%. The initial dose was between 105-19 Rapidly progressive liver failure occurred in 3 cases and death was found in 25% of cases Consanguinity is observed in 68.75%

Doença de Wilson: aspectos demográficos e fenotípicos relacionados ao genótipo ATP7B e estudo do haplótipo em portadores da mutação L708P / Wilson disease: demographic and phenotypic aspects related to ATP7B genotype analysis in carriers of the L708P mutation

A doença de Wilson é um distúrbio da excreção biliar de cobre devido a um defeito na proteína ATP7B. Em caráter pioneiro na América do Sul, seqüenciou-se o gene ATP7B em 60 pacientes brasileiros pertencentes a 46 famílias; os resultados foram relacionados com aspectos demográficos e fenotípicos. Detectaram-se 25 mutações, 12 das quais novas. A 3402delC (34, por cento) e a L708P (14,1 por cento) ocorreu em 58,3 por cento das famílias de São Paulo e em 44,4 por cento das de Minas Gerais, respectivamente. As substituições novas, pesquisadas por RFLP ou PCR alelo-específica, não ocorreram em 60 indivíduos controle; portanto, não são polimorfismos comuns. O estudo comparativo de haplótipos dos portadores da L708P da coorte atual e de Gran Canaria sugeriu um efeito-fundador comum para ambos os grupos. O fenótipo variou amplamente para genótipos idênticos/Wilson disease is a disorder of biliary copper excretion due to a defect in the ATP7B protein. As the first study of its kind in South America, the ATP7B gene was sequenced and the results were related to demographic and phenotypic aspects of 60 Brazilian patients, from 46 distinct families. Twenty-five mutations were detected, 12 of which are novel. The 3402delC (34.8 per cent) and the L708P (14.1 per cent) occurred in 58.3 per cent of the families from Sao Paulo and in 44.4 per cent of those from Minas Gerais, respectively. The novel substitutions were shown not to be common polymorphisms by RFLP or allele-specific PCR studies performed in 60 control subjects. Haplotype analysis comparing carriers of the L708P from this cohort study with patients from Gran Canary suggests the same founder-effect for both groups. Phenotype varied widely for identic genotypes

Enfermedad de Wilson / Wilsonïs disease

La enfermedad de Wilson (EW) es un defecto autosómico recesivo del transporte celular del cobre desde el hígado. Hasta la fecha, se han identificado más de 100 mutaciones en el gen de EW, siendo más común la sustitución His 1069Gln, que puede presentarse en más de 40 por ciento de los casos. La reducción en la excreción biliar lleva a la acumulación de cobre, inicialmente en el hígado y luego en otros tejidos, particularmente el cerebro. Los depósitos tisulares de cobre causan variados síntomas y signos que reflejan deterioro hepático, neurológico, hematológico y renal. Los pacientes con EW frecuentemente se presentan como enfermedad hepática o con síntomas neuropsiquiátricos. Aún en ausencia de historia familiar, la EW debe ser sospechada cuando aparecen estos síntomas sin otra explicación, particularmente en pacientes jóvenes. A pesar de los avances en terapéutica médica, aún se observan significativas tasas de mortalidad en algunos grupos de pacientes con EW

Identificación de defectos moleculares en las enfermedades hepáticas: ejemplos recientes / Identification of molecular defects in liver diseases: recent advances

Recent molecular studies have resulted in the identification of genetic alterations underlying several hereditary disorders of the liver. Cloning of disease genes are increasing our understanding of the basic defects in liver diseases. This review focuses on selected inherited liver diseases such as hyperbilirubinemic syndromes, hemochromatosis, Wilson disease and genetic cholestatic syndromes and illustrate the knowledge gained on these disorders from molecular studies. Potential implications of the identification of disease genes such as practical applications for diagnosis, information on prognosis and the possibility to design new therapies are discussed

Associaçäo de doença de Wilson e síndrome extrapiramidal näo wilsoniana na mesma família / Association of Wilson's disease and with non Wilsonian extrapyramidal syndrome in the same family

Distúrbios do movimento, geralmente de tipo distônico, têm sido relatados em heterozigotos para doença de Wilson (DW). O presente relato assinala a presença em uma mesma família de heterozigoto para DW com quadro distônico e sua sobrinha com quadro clássico de DW. Discutem-se as peculiaridades dessa família, comparando-se aos dados da literatura, bem como os possíveis mecanismos etiopatrogênicos envolvidos

Degeneraçäo hepato-lenticular (doença de Wilson): quatro casos entre irmäos / Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease): 4 cases among siblings

Säo relatados quatro casos de doença de Wilson entre irmäos com comprometimento hepático grave

Enfermedad de Wilson: estudio de un grupo familiar / Wilson's disease: family study

Se presenta el cuadro clínico y el estudio familiar de una paciente de 24 años, hermana del primer paciente con enfermedad de Wilson diagnosticado en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín. La paciente ingresó al Servicio de Neurología Clínica en agosto de 1982 con un cuadro psiquiátrico, trastornos del movimiento y amenorrea de 18 meses de evolución. Al examen tenía anillo de Kayser-Fleischer bilateral, ceruloplasmina de 0 mgs% y altas excreciones de cobre en orina: 1.167 mcgr% en 24 horas. Diez de sus hermanos vivos, sus dos progenitores y una hija de 5 años estaban asintomáticos y ninguno presentaba anillo de Kayser-Fleischer en estudio de córnea bajo lámpara de hendidura. En nueve de ellos se encontraron niveles de ceruloplasmina por debajo de lo normal y alta excreción de cobre urinario. Se elaboró el árbol genealógico y se encontraron antecedentes de otros dos posibles casos de enfermedad de Wilson en un tío materno muerto de hepatitis a la edad de 6 años y otro de cirrosis a la edad de 8 años. La paciente recibió tratamiento con Penicillamine mejorando su cuadro clínico; desapareció la amenorrea y quedó en embarazo que terminó en parto normal. Se presenta el análisis y discusión del caso, se dan recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento y sobre la necesidad de implantar entre nosotros las técnicas de dosificación de cobre en tejido hepático para detectar casos subclínicos y tratarlos profilácticamente